Structured Query Language, or SQL, is the backbone of database management. It is a programming language designed to manage and manipulate relational databases efficiently. Whether you want to retrieve data, insert new records, or update information, SQL provides the tools for these tasks. Its versatility has made it indispensable in the fields of data analytics, web development, and business intelligence.

A modern data stack is a combination of software tools and platforms that allow analysts to collect, store, analyze, and visualize data in a streamlined manner. These systems are designed to be flexible, scalable, and easier to use compared to traditional data setups. The modern data stack enhances data handling by making it robust, fast, and scalable.

Data engineers are the backbone of any data-driven organization, tasked with building and maintaining the infrastructure for collecting, storing, and analyzing vast amounts of data. Tools like Apache Spark and Apache Kafka play a crucial role in enabling these processes. They provide the support needed to handle real-time data streaming and large-scale batch processing effectively.